The Most Beautiful Dive Sites in Costa Rica

Brilliantly colored corals, lazy sharks and giant turtles are just a few of the wonders to be experienced in the waters off of Costa Rica. However, this small country has a lot of coastline so it helps to know where the best dive sites in Costa Rica are before hopping in the water. Flanked by the Caribbean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West there are plenty of options for a Scuba diver to explore. Consider these dive sites when planning a Costa Rica diving vacation.

Experience the Best Dive Sites of Caño Island

Perhaps one of the most talked about dive sites in Costa Rica is Caño Island just 12 miles west of Drake Bay on the country’s Southwest coast. In the heart of a biological reserve the main attraction around this island are the large pelagic species swimming about. These include white tip reef sharks, bull sharks, over five species of dolphin, various rays, and turtles according to the dive operators Costa Rica Adventure Divers. Corals are also common although less abundant than in the Caribbean.

The island is surrounded by six dive sites with interesting rock formations creating stone pinnacles rising from the sea bed. The average dive depth is about 15-20 meters. The best dives occur from February to June.

Take a Scuba Diving Vacation to Gunacaste

Guanacaste province on the Northwest coast of Costa Rica is a launching pad to a few of Costa Rica’s best diving sites – the Catalina Islands and the Bat Islands. The town of Tamarindo on the mainland is only about 25 minutes from the Catalina Islands, an archipelago of about 20 rocks. The islands are well known for its sharks, sea turtles, and large schools of manta rays. The currents here can sometimes be strong, so the dives are generally recommended for more advanced divers. According to the tour operators Tierra Verde the best time to see schools of mantas are from December through May.

Meanwhile, the best time to dive the Bat Islands or Islas Murcielagos, is from March through November. Look for large bull sharks and eagle rays as well as plenty of corals. Caverns and bridges dot these dive sites which are slightly north of the Catalina Islands.

The Best Costa Rica Dive Sites in the Caribbean

Most Scuba divers spend the bulk of their Costa Rica dive time in the Pacific, however the reefs of the Caribbean should not be ignored. On the Southeast coast lies Cahuita National Park, just south of Cahuita town and about 43 kilometers south of Limón according to the Costa Rica Tourism and Travel Bureau website. The dive sites within the park are rich in coral gardens surrounded by multitudes of tropical reef fish. Look for brain corals, sea fans, angelfish, barracudas, and stingrays. Also look for the cannons on the sunken 18th century slave ship north of the river Perezoso.

Scuba Diving on a Christmas Caribbean Vacation

This Christmas, trade in cold sludgy sidewalks for white sand beaches with a visit to the Caribbean. The weather is beautiful with temperatures ranging between 75°F to 85°F and with the hurricane season over diving is looking good again. A Christmas Caribbean vacation is not complete with out learning about the area’s fascinating marine life. So grab a wetsuit and check out the Caribbean’s best dive sites.

Listen to Whales on a Scuba Vacation in the Turks & Caicos

The Turks & Caicos Islands are a great place to be for a Christmas Caribbean vacation as rainy season is over and whale season is just beginning. According to the Caribbean dive operators Bay Adventures website, humpback whales can be heard throughout the islands from December through April. The Columbus Passage separating South Caicos from Grand Turk is a major highway for migrating manta rays in the summer, humpback whales in the winter, and turtles year-round. Dive sites around the island are also home to coral gardens, colorful sponges, and schooling fish.

Take a Scuba Vacation to Cozumel, Mexico

December is a busy time for Cozumel and it’s no wonder so many people want to take their Caribbean Christmas vacation to Mexico. Cozumel Reefs National Marine Park is a place of great biodiversity and the government has gone to great lengths to protect it. Divers are required to pay a $2 entry fee per day and all funds go to reef conservation according to the tour operators Aqua Safari. The dive guides at Carayitos Advanced Divers do an excellent job of describing the various dive sites around Cozumel. Expect to see rays, sea turtles, nurse sharks, and large sea fans. Many of the dives around Cozumel are drift dives due to strong currents.

Find the Best Belize Diving on a Christmas Caribbean Vacation

Sunny skies are key to a successful dive vacation and December falls right inside of Belize’s dry season. Expect great visibility and calm seas while diving out of San Pedro on Ambergris Caye. According to the dive operators at Scuba-Belize.com there are over 40 named dive sites dotting the 20 miles of barrier reef running parallel to Ambergris.

Part of the second largest reef system in the world, the turquoise blue waters of Belize dive sites boast nurse sharks, stingrays, and schools of barracuda. Colorful corals are home to large schools of fish and lobsters. Belize is a popular destination for a Christmas Caribbean vacation, just watch out as there will be plenty of other tourists heading there too.

Avoid Caribbean Christmas Crowds on Saba

This undiscovered treasure is known as the “Unspoiled Queen” according to the tour operators, Cardonna Dive Adventures. Receiving only 25,000 visitors a year, this small island’s untouched dive sites make an excellent escape from Christmas crowds. Saba is the smallest island of the Antilles and offers scuba diving year round with water temperatures dropping to about 77°F to 80°F in the winter. Marine life includes tropical fish, groupers, reef sharks, and bull sharks. The dive sites are also well known for underwater mountains and pinnacles rising majestically from the seafloor towards the surface.

Scuba Diving at Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

Mudjimba Island is a tiny island on Queensland's Sunshine Coast; a little over an hour’s drive north of Brisbane.

History of Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

There are two Aboriginal dreamtime stories about Mudjimba Island.

The name Mudjimba refers to an Aboriginal legend in which a woman became stranded on the island, where she lived into old age.

The other story is about the creation of Mudjimba Island. There were two men: Coolum and Ninderry, who fought over a woman called Maroochy. Ninderry knocked Coolum’s head off and it landed in the sea to become Mudjimba Island.

Modern history tells of Mudjimba Island once being owned by actor Sean Connery. He was married to Australian actress Diane Cilento in the 1960s and early 1970s. They were said to have spent time on Mudjimba Island during their marriage.

Location of Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

Mudjimba Island is about one kilometre offshore from Mudjimba Beach on Queensland’s Sunshine Coast. It is about three kilometres north of the outlet of the Maroochy River. This results in mediocre visibility. Fifteen metres on a good day, but average around seven metres.

The GPS coordinates for Mudjimba Island scuba dive site are:

-26.614611, 153.114674

What’s at Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

The soft corals at Mudjimba scuba dive site provide an amazing array of colour. In a short scuba dive a diver may see many different colours of bright fluorescent soft corals.

This feature alone would make Mudjimba Island scuba dive site a perfect spot for macro underwater photography buffs.

Fish Life at Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

A sad feature that can be found at many similar sites around Australia is the lack of large fish. Most have been taken on the fishing line over many years of fishing at the spot.

The occasional meal-sized bream warily swims through at Mudjimba Island, but the majority of the fish left are small tropical fish.

Scuba Dive Plan for Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

Being an island, Mudjimba Island has to be a scuba boat dive. The island offers a safe comfortable dive in any prevailing winds, though anything over 15 knots can make the trip across from the Mooloolaba River boat harbour a bit uncomfortable.

Good scuba dive sites can be found all around the island, all in a maximum of 12 metres, which makes for long easy dives.

The corals are predominantly soft with many outcrops, bommies and gullies making an interesting seascape.

Snorkelling at Mudjimba Island Scuba Dive Site

Mudjimba Island is a good location for snorkelling. The coral gardens with a range of soft corals and rocky ledges start around two metres.

Mudjimba Island scuba dive site is a reasonable dive site. The poor visibility and lack of large fish life are a negative. A positive for this scuba dive site is the range of soft corals.

Mudjimba Island is a good second scuba dive site, after visiting other sites in the Sunshine Coast area.

Snorkeling the Cenotes in the Mayan Riviera

The Mayan Riviera has very few above ground sources of water and these cenotes join up to underground rivers that lead into the ocean.

Getting to Cancun

Upon entering the Cancun airport things are relatively easy to navigate. Customs lines are long but go quickly. Luggage is then picked up and everyone heads to immigration, which can take a bit of time as each piece of luggage is scanned upon exiting. After that there are lots of taxi people that are hanging around, so it’s a good idea for travelers to have made reservations and know where they are going before exiting.

Renting a Car in Cancun

Don’t be afraid to rent a car here. It’s easy to get around and hard to get lost as there is only one main road. Beware of insurance additions at the rental car agencies. Rental costs can easily be doubled with the addition of taxes and the insurances that are required. Also be aware of girls in the rental car area trying to sell timeshares.

Where to stay in Cancun or Playa Del Carmen?

Either is fine. Playa del Carmen is actually closer to the Cenotes. A recommendation is the Barcelo Maya Palace All Inclusive resort. It's massive, has great food and great accommodations.

Hidden Worlds

The best cenote snorkeling is at Hidden Worlds. In addition to snorkeling, they also offer zip lining and rappelling. Different package options are offered. For cenote snorkeling, The Church Cenote and Tak be Hal Cenote are both very large caverns. A guide is provided and will point out items of interest. To get back to the cenotes, travel is by “Mexican Limo” which is a 15 minute tractor/bus through the jungle. The first cenote, the Church, has some pretty steep stairs that visitors actually have to climb down backwards. The water in the cenote is very cold, 72 degrees, so be sure to rent a wet suit. There aren’t many fish in the cenotes but there are lots of stalactites and stalagmites.

Paths through the jungle will lead to the next cenote, Tak Be Hal, but don’t worry there is still a guide to get everyone there. Bring bug spray as there are tons of mosquitoes. Make sure to reapply it when getting out of the water. This cenote is even a larger cavern than The Church and patrons can actually repel or zip line into it.

Snorkeling in fresh water is definitely a different experience than snorkeling in salt water and is highly recommended.

Scuba Diving Trips to Gran Canaria

Scuba diving trips to the island of Gran Canaria are becoming increasingly popular. The island is something of an unappreciated gem for divers and is rapidly gaining recognition as one of Europe’s great scuba diving locations.

Why Gran Canaria is a Great Scuba Diving Location

The island rests amid a confluence of different seas and oceans, making it something of a unique scuba diving environment. Marine species from the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Red Sea and Africa can be found in Canarian waters. The island is host to some of the most beautiful marine life on earth.

Manta Rays are regularly seen from October onwards, especially in the North of the island, around the Caleta region. Divers have reported seeing schools of the huge animals during the winter months. Other species include sizeable barracuda, angel sharks, trumpet fish, monumental schools of Roncadores, cuttle fish, moray eels, snapper, octopus and a variety of stingrays.

The El Cabron Marine Reserve in Arinaga

In 2004 UNESCO approved Gran Canaria as a World Biosphere Reserve and nowhere represents the beauty and diversity of the island’s marine environment better than EL Cabron.

One of only three marine reserves in the Canary Islands, El Cabron is a Mecca for divers of all abilities. This protected reserve (into which boats cannot travel) is home to a wide array of sites, allowing divers to explore a plethora of submerged volcanic mounts, walls, canyons and swim throughs.

Stingrays, angel sharks and immense schools of barracuda patrol this underwater paradise; while moray eels, octopus and even sea horses make their homes in the rocks, nook and crevices of the volcanic strata. Visibility in the reserve is generally excellent, rarely falling below 20 metres. No scuba diving holiday to the island would be complete without a trip to Arinaga.

Wreck Diving

While most of the popular diving is to be found along the southern reaches of the island (incidentally where the major holiday resorts are to be found) there are some excellent wrecks worth exploring in the northern part of the island, off the coast of the capital Las Palmas.

Two of the largest wrecks in the Canaries (the Arona and the Kalais) are to be found a short boat ride out of the port of Las Palmas. These dives, ranging as they do from between 27-35 metres are for the more experienced only, as conditions can be somewhat mercurial in the North, with strong currents commonplace.

The Mogan wrecks, just outside the popular tourist village in the South, are an extremely popular diving destination for the slightly less experienced or adventurous diver. They are two small wrecks sunk to provide an attraction for the daily Yellow Submarine trip. Most dive schools time their entries to match the hourly voyage of the submarine and the trip is a bizarre and unique addition to any diving holiday on the island.

Gran Canaria is a Year Round Scuba Diving Location

The island has one of the world’s best climates, with temperatures still approaching the thirties throughout the winter months. In terms of water temperature it is not uncommon to see surface temperatures of 21 or 22 degrees Celsius in December. The water rarely drops below 18 degrees, even in the coldest of the winter months. The average temperature hovers around 23 degrees Celsius.

In addition to being a year round diving destination, holidaymakers are able to dive on every side of the island, rather than simply the over-fished and busy tourist areas, which is the norm throughout the Mediterranean.

An Island of Contrasts

The island itself is easily accessible from all parts of the European mainland and North America, which adds to its attractiveness as a holiday destination. Holiday accommodation exists to suit every taste and budget. The island offers travellers a welter of contrasts, from the bustle and excitement of the thriving southern resorts to the peace and solitude of the mountainous centre of the island.

Non-divers or those taking a rest from the undersea world will find much to do throughout the year. The island is ferociously Spanish in terms of its cultural outlook and festivals and celebrations take place almost every month, adding spice to any diving holiday. In terms of gastronomy the island is a gourmand’s delight, with every conceivable culinary taste catered for. Visitors will most certainly eat well while on their diving holiday.

Visit Gran Canaria for a Great Scuba Diving Holiday

The island offers something for every diver, from protected bays to challenging deep wreck dives. Excellent underwater visibility and warm temperatures ensure relaxing and stress free diving. The island’s is home to numerous PADI Five-Star diving schools and equipment and expert tuition and guidance is readily available. For too long the island has been ignored as a world-class diving destination, all that looks set to change.

Diving Busselton Jetty, South West Australia

Busselton Jetty is the longest wooden jetty in the southern hemisphere and was built over a 95-year period from 1865. The main sources of income for the area in its 19th century heyday were timber and whaling. For this purpose jetties were built at the quaintly named towns of Wonnerup, Busselton and Quindalup in Australia's south west. Only the Busselton Jetty remains.

The jetty stretches a remarkable two kilometers into Geographe Bay. Closed as a port in 1972, the 138-year-old jetty has since been ravaged by both fire and cyclone. Its repair, and its subsequent protection, are due to the efforts of the local community who are now pushing for the jetty to be given full protected area status because of its rich marine life.

Its rickety wooden planking and lethal nails has that real old world charm of the colonial antipodes and it it is added to by the bright red train that now takes tourists down to the end of the jetty. But its underwater view is the real spectacle.

Leeuwin Current Brings Rich Marine Life to Cooler Waters

Every year in autumn and winter, the Leeuwin Current brings with it a narrow band of warm water down the West Australian coastline. It's this warm southerly current that’s responsible for bringing the incredible and diverse variety of tropical and sub-tropical species into Geographe Bay. Coral grows here at a latitude of 33 degrees south making it the most southerly coral growth in the world.

There have been around 300 hundred marine species recorded here. Huge schools of yellow tail scads cascade around the wooden pilings. Tropical and subtropical species litter the timber forest of the jetty’s legs. Soft coral and gorgonians deeply encrust every piece of timber, while ascidians hang in clusters off the pilings and sponges carpet any spare surface available. It is the best of any living reef. Groups of old wives fish sit completely still, suspended between timber legs while perch and gurnards happily navigate around the reef. A diver would commonly encounter around a dozen types of nudibranchs.

Busselton Jetty Underwater Observatory

Swimming in past the pilings towards shore, you reach the only underwater observatory in the southern hemisphere. Opened in 2003, you can be watched and snapped by tourists as they see you as part of the underwater seascape. It’s perfect for the non-divers in your party. They too can appreciate the extraordinary spectacle that is Busselton Jetty’s marine life. The jetty is already part of the Geographe Bay Marine Reserve Area and there are calls to make the area a complete no fishing zone, so protecting its remarkable variety of life.

Scuba Diving With the Numbfish

The shock from a Numbfish is not dangerous, but it makes this fish worth being aware of for a scuba diver.

The Numbfish is also known as the Numb Ray or the Electric Ray.

The Electric Shock of the Numbfish

The Numbfish has a unique organ on the top of the head containing a bank of 200 to 500 hexagonal cells. This organ establishes a voltage difference between the top and the bottom of the Numbfish, the top being positive and the bottom negative.

When a scuba diver, or another fish, touches this Numbfish, the voltage discharges through the scuba diver giving an electric shock.

The Numbfish can deliver a jolt of around 200 volts which can be enough to cause cramping in a scuba diver’s muscle in the arm of leg.

Within about 10 minutes, the Numbfish can deliver up to 50 successive voltage discharges. However, the voltage in the successive discharges falls to around 80 volts.

Why Does the Numbfish Have the Electric Shock Capability

It is believed that the Numbfish has the electric shock capability for two reasons:

1.As a defence mechanism. If a larger fish wants to take a bite, the Numbfish hits it with a sudden voltage.
2.As a way to catch its prey. Lying in the sand it waits for small fish, crabs, or worms to crawl across it. It then wraps its body around the prey and stuns them with an electric shock.
Details of the Numbfish

The Numbfish is a flat fish with the eyes on the top of its body. It has an oval body that elongates to the end with a smaller oval at the back with three small fins.

An adult Numbfish grows to around 700 millimetres (27 inches), with the width across its head being about the same as it is long. It is a fairly dull colour; dark brown on the top, and a yellow-white underneath.

It moves through the water in the normal manner of a ray by pulsating the outer edges of its body in a waving motion. It is a weak swimmer so doesn’t swim much, preferring to lie on the sea floor, partly buried on the sand waiting for its prey.

The Numbfish is viviparous, which means it gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs.

Apparently the Numbfish can swallow exceptionally large fish for its size. According to Ern Grant in Guide To Fishes a 600 millimetre Numbfish was once found with the tail of a 2.3 kilogram flathead poking out its mouth!

Where is the Numbfish Located

The Numbfish is a reasonably rare fish. That is, a scuba diver won’t see one on every dive. On coral reefs it is usually found half buried in the sand around the edges of coral bommies and rocky outcrops.

In Australia, the Numbfish is found along coastal waters in Queensland, including the Great Barrier Reef, and down the New South Wales coast. It has also been seen in the Great Australian Bight and along the West Australian Coast.

Scuba Diving Risks and the Numbfish

There is a slight risk for scuba divers in encountering a Numbfish. The most common way for this interaction to occur is if a scuba diver accidentally kneels on one that is hiding in the sand.

To avoid getting an electronic shock from a Numbray, scuba divers should pay close attention when settling onto a sandy sea-floor during a scuba dive. Good scuba buoyancy control can assist in achieving this.

The electric shock from a Numbfish is not strong enough to kill, but can be a catalyst for the start of other problems especially if the scuba diver gets a sudden fright and is already anxious underwater.

A scuba diver shouldn’t be concerned about sharing the waters with a Numbfish. These unique fish are simply one of the many animals that make scuba diving so fascinating.

Facts on Scuba Diving With the Manta Ray

Scuba diving with a Manta Ray is a great experience when underwater. These majestic creatures slowly gliding through the water are both awe inspiring and humbling.

Bruce IliffPosted on Mar 13, 2010
Scuba Diving With Manta Ray is a Unique Experience - R. CampbellA scuba diver experiencing a Manta Ray will almost always result in the lucky diver poking their head above the water at the end of the dive ecstatic at having the chance to swim with these majestic marvels.

Features of the Manta Ray

The Manta Ray is the largest of the ray family (Myliobatidae). It has huge wings that it uses to swim. And like all rays, such as the Numb Ray, it appears to ‘fly’ through the water like a bird.

The Manta Ray has large flippers that protrude from the front of the body, just in front of its mouth. These feeding flippers appear like horns, giving the Manta Ray its other name of Devil Ray.

The front flippers are used to scoop plankton on the surface of the water into its mouth.

Manta Rays average around 4.3 metres (14 feet) across the wings, but have been known to grow up to 6.7 metres. They can weigh up to 1,400 kilogram, but the average weight is about 750 kilograms (1,650 pounds).

They are a dark blue-black colour on top, with a pure white underside. This colouring is obviously a defence mechanism as the white underbelly will appear to blend in with the light of the surface of the water when viewed from below. This is especially important as the Manta Ray is a surface feeder, with the main predator being the larger of the reef sharks, such as the tiger shark.

Manta Rays are found in warm tropical waters around the world, which places them in the region between 35 degrees north and 35 degrees south latitude. Being surface feeders, they are common on reefs such as Australia’s Great Barrier Reef.

Observing Manta Rays on the Surface

One of the unique features of the Manta Ray is that they will occasionally launch themselves from the water and crash back on the surface with a huge slap and a shower of spray. This action is thought to be either socialising or a way to avoid predators. Another theory is that this has something to do with removing parasites from its skin.

When Manta Rays are feeding on the surface, occasionally the wing tips break the surface and appear like two shark fins.

Scuba Diving With Manta Rays

It appears that Manta Rays are quite curious creatures. They are known to approach scuba divers, either enjoying the interaction or simply wanting to see what is happening.

Manta Rays don’t appear too concerned with underwater flash photography, or with the sound of the scuba gear bubbling away. In fact, some divers theorise that Manta Rays like the feel of the bubbles on their underbelly and seek out scuba divers for the experience.

The best advice for scuba divers wanting to get up close to Manta Rays is to:

•Find a common cleaning station where the Manta Rays come to get the parasites cleaned from their skin. The local divemaster may know the best spot.
•Don’t make sudden movements. Generally a scuba diver should stay in the one spot and simply observe. The Manta Ray will come as close as they want.
•Don’t attempt to touch the ray, as the protective mucous on the skin could be rubbed off by a dive glove, leaving the animal possibly susceptible to infection.
•Manta Rays should never be ridden.
The less action a scuba diver takes to scare a Manta Ray, the more likely it will be that the ray stays around and provides the scuba diver a great experience.

Two Different Types of Scuba Dive Warning Flags

Scuba divers travelling to exotic dive sites around the world are confronted with two different types of scuba dive flags. They both convey the same warning message.

Bruce IliffPosted on Mar 21, 2010
Blue and White Scuba Flag in Use - Bruce ILIFFThere are two different types of scuba diving warning flags used around the world.

1.A blue and white dive flag with the blue section as a swallow tail,
2.A red dive flag with a white stripe from top left to bottom right.
Many divers would be aware of both these types of flags, especially if having travelled on scuba diving trips around the world.

Both these scuba dive flags convey the same meaning when flown from a scuba dive boat. It is the independent development of the flags has resulted in having the two different styles.

History of the Red and White Scuba Dive Flag

It is generally accepted that the development of the red and white scuba dive flag is accredited to an American pioneer scuba diver by the name of Denzel James Dockery. In the 1950s, Dockery was one of the early pioneers and decided he needed a flag to warn boats in the general vicinity when he was underwater.

The Navy’s flag for warning is a solid red colour and is referred to as the “Bravo Flag”. Dockery started with this and simply put the diagonal stripe across it.

Dockery then started trying to get his flag accepted as the main scuba diving warning flag. Gradually it was picked up by the fledgling scuba diving community and has now become entrenched as the main scuba diving warning flag in the USA and Canada.

History of the Blue and White Scuba Dive Flag

The blue and white scuba diving flag developed from the international maritime signal flags. These are a system of flags that have been recognised internationally for over 200 years.

The blue and white flag signified the letter “A” when flown as part of the alphabet. Therefore it was called the Alpha flag.

A single letter flag also conveys a different message when flown by itself. Initially, the message the Alpha flag conveyed was “The boat is undergoing a speed trial.” However it has been changed to convey the message: “A scuba diver is down. Keep clear at low speed.”

Both Scuba Dive Flags Convey the Same Message

Though both scuba dive flags look completely different they convey the same message.

The only difference is in what part of the world a scuba diver comes across each flag.

The local scuba dive shops will be able to provide details of what flag is recognised in the area.

Using a Scuba Diving Flag

A scuba diving flag should always be flown from a scuba dive boat when a diver is below.

When shore diving, a scuba diving flag should be placed on the water in a fixed location just out from the shore. The flag can be set up on a float with a rope tying it off on the sea floor.

For drift dives, a scuba dive flag should be towed along behind the divers. This can be done by setting up the dive flag on a float, such as a car tyre tube.

Whichever scuba diving warning flag is used, they should always be flown as a safety precaution when diving.

Must a Scuba Diver Carry a Snorkel When Diving?

There are equally good arguments for taking a snorkel on a dive or not. In most situations it is personal preference and the type of scuba diving being undertaken.

Bruce IliffPosted on Mar 27, 2010
Scuba Diver With Snorkel - Bruce ILIFFA number of scuba divers do not carry a snorkel while diving. There are two schools of thought in this long running debate on whether or not a scuba diver should. The debate squares off with safety on one side against comfort and ease of diving on the other.

There is also the compromise position of carrying a snorkel while scuba diving, but not having it attached to the mask.

Yes – A Scuba Diver Should Carry a Snorkel When Diving

The main reason for carrying a snorkel when scuba diving is the simple consideration of diver safety.

With the snorkel firmly attached to the mask, the diver will know exactly where it is when needed on the surface. And it can be easily deployed; there is no scrabbling around trying to find it. This can be especially important in a choppy sea and needing to spend some time on the surface at the end of the dive.

No – A Scuba Diver Does Not Need to Carry a Snorkel When Diving

The main argument for not having a snorkel attached to the mask is that the snorkel doesn’t assist the scuba diver while underwater; so why have it attached to the mask?

Also, when underwater the snorkel gets in the way.

When swimming hard underwater, or in a strong current, the snorkel flapping around can pull on the mask and may even break the mask’s seal on the face.

Another argument is that if the snorkel is on the mask it can get caught on things: snagged in fishing line, kicked by other divers, or getting stuck when poking the head into a crevice to check out what is inside.

There is also a school of thought that a diver should always have enough air in the tank when returning to the surface to exit from the water.

If a Scuba Diver Does Take a Snorkel, Where Should it be Carried?

Collapsible snorkels are available. These can fit in a BC jacket and be out of the way.

Some scuba divers store their snorkel in their buoyancy jacket. They use it on the surface when first entering the water, then stuff it down the buoyancy compensator jacket on the descent. It is then easily located on the ascent.

Another common place to store the snorkel is on the leg, held on with the straps of the knife holder. This is a reasonable option as it is out of the way during the dive and easily accessible.

Do Not Tuck the Snorkel in the Weightbelt

Tucking the snorkel into the weightbelt is another common solution. However, this should be avoided. If an emergency arises during the dive, depending on the situation, one of the first actions can be to drop the weight belt. In the heat of the moment, the snorkel can be forgotten and it can fall to the seafloor while the scuba diver heads to the surface.

Without a weightbelt, the scuba diver will end up on the surface and that is the place a snorkel is needed most.

There is no real hard and fast rule on which option to use as there are good arguments on both sides. Safety is obviously a serious consideration. Having a snorkel easily deployed on the surface has to be the safest; though an argument can be made that in some situations it is safer not to have a snorkel attached to the mask.

Therefore, as in most scuba diving considerations, it comes down to personal preference and the type of scuba dive being undertaken. A drift dive with the possibility of a long swim back to the exit point might require a snorkel. While on an easy shore dive with the same entry and exit point, the snorkel may not be required.

Good Breathing Techniques for Scuba Diving

Every scuba diver should master good breathing techniques underwater. Increased safety, enjoyment, and longer time underwater can come from improving breathing technique.

Bruce IliffPosted on Mar 27, 2010
Scuba Divers Should Improve Breathing - Bruce ILIFFGood breathing is an important consideration in scuba diving. The body needs adequate levels of oxygen for cells to function. This is especially important when undergoing the rigours of scuba diving.

Good breathing is also needed to remove nitrogen from the body. Though not as significant if a scuba diver is not entering into decompression times, removing excess nitrogen from the body is just as important as the need to get oxygen into the body.

Breathing for Scuba Buoyancy Control

Good breathing techniques can assist with buoyancy control underwater. A scuba diver will rise when taking a breath as the lungs expand with air and the body’s buoyancy increases. And when air is expelled from the lungs, a diver’s buoyancy decreases and the diver will sink.

This use of breathing techniques is something that all scuba divers should be aware of and practise regularly. For more information, on using the breath for buoyancy control refer to Suite 101 article: Scuba Diving Buoyancy Control.

Breathing to Address Stress and Anxiety Underwater on Scuba

Scuba diving is a stressful activity mainly due to the unnatural environment a diver’s body is in. The human body was not built to swim underwater like a fish, but fortunately innovation has allowed this to happen.

Good breathing control is one of the best ways to combat any symptoms of stress or anxiety while underwater, as the good flow of oxygen to the brain helps reduce rising anxiety.

One of the most common physiological signs of stress is a person starts to “chest breath”. That is, they take short, shallow breaths from the top of the chest, rather than the normal rhythmic long, deep breaths from the lower abdomen. This starts a cycle going whereby the oxygen to the brain is reduced, so the body starts to seek more oxygen and the breaths get shallower and quicker. This can lead to hyperventilation and sometimes, in extreme cases, fainting.

When underwater on scuba this can be a significant problem, so the need for good breathing techniques is vital for a safe and comfortable dive.

For more information on stress and anxiety while scuba diving refer to Suite 101 article: Scuba Diving Anxiety and Panic.

Breathing to Increase Time Underwater on Scuba

Good breathing techniques can lead to a decrease in air consumption. Some divers roar through their air, while others consume much less. This doesn’t always mean that one diver is more relaxed as it can also indicate that one diver may need more air than another.

However, in the majority of situations, good breathing techniques will help to reduce air consumption on scuba and consequently more time underwater.

Good Underwater Breathing Techniques

The main objective for good underwater breathing technique is to take slow, deep breaths.

When first starting on the practice of improving breathing techniques, the breaths should be deliberate. That is, a diver should concentrate on slow, deep breaths. And then gradually this will become a natural way of breathing.

Physically trying to relax underwater will also assist in breathing as the body won’t be craving the next breath. This can be quite easy on those relaxing dives, like a shallow drift dive on a coral reef. But for increased anxiety dives, such as decompression dives, or wreck penetration dives having a good breathing technique can be a bit more difficult.

As with every sport, practice is the key. A scuba diver should be concentrating on improving breathing techniques on those easy dives so when faced with the dives that result in a higher breathing rate, the rate doesn’t go to that frenetic pace that can lead to further problems.

Dive Around Texas Event

Texas offers more than 30 places to scuba dive, from rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. Dive Around Texas offers prizes for diving 12 times in four different sites.
Melissa GaskillPosted on Apr 6, 2010
Diving a Rig at the Flower Gardens NMS - M. GaskillAn annual event to promote and celebrate diving in the Lone Star State, Dive Around Texas challenges divers to make a minimum of 12 dives in four different locations in Texas. Divers can sign up at participating dive shops; the $25 registration fee includes a t-shirt.
Dive Around Texas Rules
Divers simply log each dive, then have a participating dive shop verify the dive with a special "Dive Around Texas" stamp. Those who complete the 12-dive, four-site challenge receive a ticket to the Awards Recognition Day, October 3, 2010 in San Marcos and become eligible for dive-related prizes, including dive trips. The more dives completed, the more chances to win. Divers must be present at the Awards Recognition Day to win, or have their verified log book submitted by a participating retailer.
Participating Dive Shops
Texas dive retailers participating in Dive Around Texas 2010 include:
1.Ascuba Venture, Corpus Christi
2.Blue Dolphin Dive Center, Temple
3.Dive West, Dallas
4.Dive World, Austin
5.Dive World, San Antonio
6.Gigglin' Marlin Divers, Houston
7.Oak Hill Scuba, Austin
8.Scuba Center, Tyler
9.Sea Sports Scuba (3 locations), Houston
10.Tom's Dive and Swim, Austin.
11.The Dive Shop, San Marcos
Divers can check to see if other dive shops are participating, as this is only a partial list. If your local dive shop isn't participating, ask them to join up.
Dive Sites in Texas
Texas dive sites include rigs and coral reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, dozens of lakes, a number of rivers, quarries, and even an old missile silo. one of the most popular spots in the Gulf is the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary, where coral reefs grow on the top of salt domes protruding from the sea floor, 60 to 100 feet deep. The Flower Gardens are an overnight trip on a live-aboard and an advanced dive site thanks to currents, depth, and a location 100 miles from shore. Local dive shops can arrange a trip on the R/V Fling, which departs from Freeport. Other popular Gulf of Mexico dive sites lie off South Padre Island and include the Texas Clipper and other sunken ship reefs, and offshore rigs. These can be half-day or all-day dive trips.
Lakes known for diving include Lake Amistad National Recreation Area (where divers also can rent houseboats), Canyon Lake, Lake Travis, Lake Belton, Toledo Bend, and Lake Meredith National Recreation Area. Most offer shore as well as boat diving. State parks that offer diving include Lake Ray Roberts, Lake Whitney, Possum Kingdom and Tyler State Parks. Balmorhea State Park in West Texas has a spring-fed, 25-foot deep pool with excellent visibility.
Divers also enjoy the clear Comal River in New Braunfels and the San Marcos River. Aquarena Springs in San Marcos, which is affiliated with Texas State University, has a science diving program and qualified divers can volunteer for a variety of monitoring and research projects.
Private dive sites in Texas include Blue Lagoon, a former quarry near Huntsville, Athens Scuba Park, Mammoth Lake near Houston, and Dive Valhalla, a 180-foot deep, water-filled missile silo near Abilene.
Dive operators and dive shops offer a variety of special events and dive opportunities as part of the event. The Dive Around Texas challenge offers a good inspiration to get out and try some of the excellent and fun diving available in the state.

Symptoms of Anxiety in a Scuba Diver on the Surface or Underwater

For some divers, scuba diving is stressful activity. It is useful for a scuba diver to recognize signs of anxiety and stress in themselves and others.
Bruce IliffPosted on Apr 16, 2010
Relaxed Scuba Divers Before the Dive - Bruce ILIFFSwimming underwater using mechanical devices to breathe off a tank of compressed air is unnatural. And being in an unnatural environment can lead to stress and anxiety in some divers.
Why Scuba Diving Can be Stressful
Though scuba gear has evolved to such an extent that scuba diving is now quite safe, there are many things that can go wrong. Equipment problems, interaction with the marine life with sharks, stingers and other nasties lurking in the deep. Even a scuba diver’s fitness levels and physiology can be a source of anxiety.
Anxiety can be a circular problem, with the symptoms of anxiety (such as a racing heartbeat) leading to increasing stress levels.
Being aware of symptoms of anxiety is the first step in rectifying the problem.
Recognising symptoms of anxiety before and during a scuba dive, both for the diver and the diver’s buddy, is useful as problems can be addressed before they become more serious.
Symptoms of Anxiety Before the Scuba Dive
There are symptoms that a scuba diver may exhibit before getting in the water. These may be displayed by either a diver themselves, or may be seen in another diver.
•Feelings of agitation. A diver may exhibit a restlessness that is out of character.
•Checking and re-checking scuba gear.
•Signs of physical discomfort in the digestive systems: stomach pains or cramps, excessive trips to the toilet, burping or flatulence.
•Feelings of nausea that may be stated as seasickness.
•Stating reasons for not wanting to go on the dive. These may be statements like “it is too rough”. Or “the current might be too strong.”
•Signs of changes of physiology; like unnatural sweating or shallow breathing.
•An abrupt attitude with signs of aggression.
•Being over-critical of things or other people.
Symptoms of Anxiety During the Scuba Dive
After an anxious scuba diver has ducked under the surface of the water, symptoms of anxiety can manifest in other ways.
•Excessive arm and leg movements. This may be accompanied by a feeling that the normal slow finning is not effective. The arms may start clawing at the water to assist in swimming.
•Fussing around with equipment: checking buckles, adjusting the weightbelt, fiddling with the dive gloves.
•Excessive checking of air supply and dive computer and/or watch.
•Feelings of nausea; maybe even vomiting
•Feeling of claustrophobia; sometimes accompanied by a desire to make a rapid ascent.
•Equipment, such as the wetsuit or buoyancy compensator, feels too tight and restrictive.
•Unable to control buoyancy.
•Increase in breathing rate; taking short, deep breaths that use air rapidly.
•Eyes may be wide open or “bulging”. They may be in a fixed stare, or flicking around but not focused on anything.
•The diver may be darting around under the water going from one thing to another with no particular focus on the dive. That is, they simply don’t appear to be relaxed.
Dealing with an Anxious Scuba Diver
A scuba diver exhibiting signs of anxiety should be a cause for concern. Both for the diver suffering from this malady, and for the other diver in a buddy pair or part of the dive group.
Every diver should be constantly on the lookout for signs of anxiety within themselves, and in any other divers that they may be associated with.
For advice on how to address anxiety while scuba diving, refer to Suite 101 article: Scuba Diving Anxiety and Panic.
An anxious diver is not only a safety concern, but also the diver won’t enjoy the dive due to the anxiety overwhelming him or her. This could mean the diver may not continue with their diving career and they might miss out on the great experiences that come in the underwater world.

How Does the Hard Hat Diving Helmet on an Old Diving Suit Work?

Many modern era scuba divers show interest in the pioneer divers and their suits and hard hats. Understanding how these helmets work is useful knowledge.
Bruce IliffPosted on Apr 16, 2010
Old Style Diving Suit and Helmet - Public DomanThe hard hat diving helmet of the old style diving suits worn by the original deep sea divers were the first scuba regulators that allowed a human to breath underwater.
They were crude in their design, worked well enough to be functional; but in the pioneering underwater world with increased pressures and treacherous conditions, the diving helmet was also a dangerous piece of equipment.
The old diving helmets were made of copper and attached to the diving suit via a heavy plate sitting on the chest.
Air was pumped into the suit and helmet via a pipe from the surface.
The air line from the surface limits the depth the suited diver can go. The suits had heavy lead shoes that worked against the suit’s buoyancy to keep the diver on the sea bed.
The helmet had three or four glass windows to allow the diver to see out. The technical term for these is “lights” and they may have a metal mesh or grate over the glass to prevent breakage.
How Does Air Enter an Old Style Diving Helmet?
The air line from the pump on the support boat comes down to the front of the diver and then under his arm to the back of the helmet. Having the line in front of the diver means he can hold onto it and know where it is at all times.
Passing under the diver’s arm also prevents the air line from getting snagged on things underwater. Or breaking off at the connection to the helmet if the line gets a sudden jerk due to waves acting on the support boat.
The air hose connects to a valve, downward facing, at the rear of the helmet. This valve is one-way so it allows air into the helmet and suit, but not out. This is set up so that if the air flow suddenly stops, the air trapped in the helmet and suit may be enough for the diver to ascend to the surface.
The air flows into the helmet via a series of ducts that sets up a swirling movement of air within the helmet. This keeps the stale air away from the diver’s face.
How Does Air Get Out of an Old Style Diving Helmet?
The air exits the diving helmet via an outlet valve. Depending on the type of suit and helmet, the outlet valve may be positioned on the helmet, usually on the right hand side. Some of the old diving suits have the outlet valve on the chest plate.
Air is pumped into the suit, the diver breathes as required, and air is exhausted out the outlet vale. This outlet valve is adjustable so the diver can regulate the air flow, and therefore the air quality, in the helmet.
The adjustment of the outlet valve is a balance between the amount the surface pump can deliver, the quality of air in the suit and the amount of air needed in the suit to control the diver’s buoyancy.
The Spitcock in Early Diving Equipment

Another unique feature of the old style diving helmets is the spitcock. This is a basic valve usually positioned to the right of the main “light”, and around the level of the diver’s chin.
The main purpose of this valve was to act as a quick dump valve. If the air was building up in the suit and the diver became too buoyant, the diver could open the spitcock and bleed off some excess air.
Another use of the spitcock is for the diver to clean the face plate of the window. Inside the helmet the air was hot and humid causing that common malady for all divers: fogging of the face mask.
The diver would open the spitcock a fraction and the outside water pressure would force a small stream of water into the diver’s mouth. The diver would then squirt the water onto the faceplate of the “light” washing away the fogging.
Knowing how an old style diving suit and helmet works is a useful topic of conversation for the modern scuba diver. Something to discuss on a scuba dive holiday, or when chatting about the underwater world in general.

Tying Knots That May be Used in Scuba Diving and Boating

Knowing how to knot a rope can be useful in scuba diving. The knowledge of a few basic knots can save frustrations in a number of scuba diving situations.
Bruce IliffPosted on May 1, 2010
Knots in Scuba Diving Used in Water and on Boat - Bruce ILIFFIn scuba diving there is a need to know some basic knots. These knots may be needed underwater, or more commonly when on the dive boat.
Tying the Reef Knot
The reef knot is used to join two lengths of rope. In a scuba diving situation, this may be when needing to join two pieces of rope to form a safety line to trail out the back of the dive boat.
Take the two ends of the rope, one in each hand. Put the right hand rope over the left and twist it under and up. Then the left side end (the original right hand one) is put back over the right hand rope. Twist under and pull the knot tight.
The lay of the ropes should be symmetrical. When the two ends of the rope are pushed towards each other the knot opens up, even after a day’s hard sailing.
The best way to remember this is: 'right over left and under, then left over right and under.' The 'right' or 'left' referring to the rope end on the right or left side.
The Bowline Knot in Scuba Diving
The bowline gives a loop at the end of a rope that won't slip and is easy to undo. This knot could be used when setting up a buddy line between two divers. This is a short length of rope that each diver holds, so they don’t get separated.
A buddy line is commonly used in night scuba diving to prevent a dive buddy pair separating. It can also be used for a scuba divemaster to keep close to a nervous scuba diver.
A loop in the end of the safety line trailing out the back of the dive boat could be useful for a diver to hold on if needed.
Tying the Bowline Knot
Near the end of the rope make a small loop. This is not the size of the eventual loop. The end of the rope that goes to the right should lie on top of the end to the left.
To make the final loop, take the right hand end and bring it back and come up through the first loop. This second loop will be the final loop. Take the end that has come up through the first loop and take it under the end that comes from the left. Then around and back through the original loop.
The Figure of Eight Knot in Scuba Diving
The figure of eight knot is used to put a knot in a rope to be used as a stopper, or as a marker on a rope. It is commonly used in sailing to prevent the end of a rope from sliding through a cleat.
The knot mostly used for this purpose is the ‘granny knot’ which is a simple loop in the rope. This works fine until trying to undo the knot! After getting wet and jammed it can be impossible to undo. Pliers are sometimes needed.
In scuba diving, the figure eight knot can be used on a shot line. This is a weighted rope that is put over the side of the boat that provides an indication of the depth. A weight, like a weight belt, is attached to the end of the line, and small knots are put in the rope at specific intervals to show the depth. As the scuba diver descends, they can get an accurate idea of their depth.
This may be used for calibrating or checking depth gauges. Or maybe to accurately signify the 10 foot and 20 foot depths for decompression stops.
Tying the Figure of Eight Knot
To do the figure of eight knot, form a loop in the rope with the end going under the rope. Take the free end and go over and around the rope then up through the loop from the bottom.
When pulled tight the lay of the rope looks like the figure eight. This knot will come undone with ease, even when wet.
The basic scuba diving knots described here are some of the basics that can assist in some areas of scuba diving. Knowledge of a few knots such as these can be useful for a scuba diver.

South Texas Dive Week

The fourth annual South Padre Island Dive Week, September 17-26, 2010 includes contests, prizes, and specials on scuba diving opportunities.
Melissa GaskillPosted on May 3, 2010
Rig Diving in the Gulf of Mexico - M. GaskillIn September, the water off the south coast of Texas is warm - 83 degrees - and clear - visibility an average 85 feet - and South Padre Island hosts a special diving event celebrating the sinking of the Texas Clipper in 2006. The ship rests on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico about an hour from shore, her top at approximately 65 feet and bottom at 130 feet or so. Coral, sponges, anemones and other sessile marine life have quickly turned the ship into a living reef, popular with snapper, jacks, queen angel fish, butterfly fish and a variety of other colorful tropical fish.
SPI Dive Week Events
During Dive Week, two-tank trips to the Texas Clipper are only $165, with a marine biologist on board during dives to help divers identify the tropical and pelagic fish and other marine life that has populated the sunken ship. Trips are aboard American Diving's MV Diver I, which has an air-conditioned passenger area, open front deck, and on-board toilet. It takes about an hour to travel from the marina on South Padre to the Clipper. Water and soft drinks available on board, and the staff help divers gear up on the back deck. From there, it's an easy forward roll into the water. Exit is by rear ladders, again with assistance from the crew.
Diving Nitrox at the Clipper is highly recommended, and American Divers will train divers who are not Nitrox-certified before the trip.
Other highlights of Dive Week include free burgers and beer at the Sea Ranch Marina dock following the dive trip, HID light and rebreather demonstrations, presentations by South Padre Island's Sea Turtle Inc, t-shirt and equipment giveaways, and special deals on hotels and dining. Ten percent of all proceeds from Dive Week will be donated to the Soldiers Undertaking Disabled Scuba (SUDS) program, which is dedicated to helping soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan by taking them diving.
To reach the marina, take a right off the bridge to the island, go one-third mile and turn right into the parking lot. Sea Ranch Restaurant shares the parking lot, offering waterfront seafood dining and bar.
South Padre Island Dives
American Diving regularly offers dives to other wrecks and rigs in the area, including Little Sara (10 - 100 feet), Seana's Rig (10 - 100 feet), Liberty Ships Reef (50 - 100 feet), The Albatross (80 - 105 feet), Dona Nelly (80 - 130 feet) and The Godfather (80 - 136 feet). Around the rigs, barracuda, jellies, and large schools of fish are common sights. The Iron Reef and Little Sara are also available as snorkel trips. Call 956-761-2030 for scheduled dates and to make reservations. All gear and equipment is available to rent at the shop.
In addition to diving, South Padre Island is known for kite boarding, surfing, jet skiing, parasailing, fishing, and dolphin watch cruises. Schlitterbahn Beach Waterpark offers more than a dozen slides, chutes and other water rides, with an on-site restaurant and access to the beach. The South Padre Island Birding and Nature Center is one of nine World Birding Center sites in the area.

Scuba Diving Facilities Around Jersey & Guernsey, Channel Islands

Water sports are unsurprisingly very popular in the Channel Islands with scuba diving available on both the larger islands of Jersey and Guernsey.
Kate Le PagePosted on May 6, 2010
Scuba Diving In The Channel Islands - ilse reijsFor those keen on water sports, the Channel Islands are a fantastic location whether one is a complete amateur or very experienced. The most popular water sports on offer include windsurfing, sailing, scuba diving and surfing with lessons available in each of these activities.
Travel to Jersey and Guernsey
Jersey and Guernsey are easily accessible by boat or plane and for those with their own yacht or pleasure boat there are excellent marina facilities on both islands. Ferry services operated by Condor Ferries and Manche Iles Express link the Chanel Islands to the French ports of St. Malo and Dilette as well as to the UK ports of Poole, Weymouth and Portsmouth.
Air links are available from both islands to European airports such as Zurich, Paris and Dinard as well as to multiple regional and city airports in the UK including Manchester, Edinburgh, London, Exeter, Bristol, Birmingham and Southampton. The latter airport is just a short half-hour flight away and is also serviced by Ship 'n' Fly where one may fly from Southampton Airport and have the car shipped over from nearby Portsmouth.
Scuba Diving in Guernsey, Channel Islands
Guernsey has two main scuba diving centres including Donkey Divers and Dive Guernsey, both of which are able to supply equipment and run courses for all different abilities. Donkey Divers offer courses for beginners, intermediates and advanced divers as well as kids classes for those over the age of eight. It is also possible to learn scuba diving as a family and Donkey Divers are able to be very flexible with their courses.
Dive Guernsey offer both PADI and TDI training courses in addition to stand alone technical course, kids courses and special adventure diving courses for those interested in wreck diving.
Scuba Diving in Jersey, Channel Islands
Jersey also has two diving schools including Dive Jersey based in St. Helier and Bouly Bay Dive Centre in the parish of Trinity. Dive Jersey is a PADI 5 star Instructor Development Centre offering both year round diving training and dive charter from their purpose built RIB. As the company is celebrating their 10th Anniversary they are offering special Learn To Dive Courses at the price they were in 2000. A range of open water and pool based courses are also available.
Bouley Bay Dive Centre is also a PADI 5 star centre and has been teaching diving to islanders and holiday-makers alike for the past fifty years. Courses run all year round but for summer courses it is essential to book early to avoid disappointment.
For those who have much scuba diving experience or are absolute beginners, both the larger Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey have courses and packages to meet all requirements. In addition to scuba diving, other popular water sports include surfing, sailing and windsurfing off the beautiful island beaches.

Scuba Diver Running Out of Air and Needing a Back-Up Air Supply

Breathing compressed air on scuba opens up the underwater world. But if air from the tank suddenly stops, a scuba diver will need a second source of air.
Bruce IliffPosted on May 15, 2010
A Scuba Diver Needs to be Alert to Loss of Air - Bruce ILIFFBreathing compressed air underwater is a dangerous activity, as a scuba diver needs a continuous supply of air to sustain life.
In the majority of scuba dives, a diver will ascend to the surface with air in the tank. Fortunately, it is a rare occurrence when a scuba diver needs to access another source of air underwater.
Types of Scuba Diving Air Supplies
There are a range of alternate air supplies that a scuba diver can use when there is that sudden draw on the regulator and nothing flows:
•The dive buddy’s Octopus Second Stage. This is the most common; and few divers go scuba diving without the second stage regulator
•An emergency ascent bottle. This is a tiny scuba tank with a mouthpiece attached. It provides just enough air to get to the surface. The Spare Air is a popular brand.
•A separate complete scuba unit, incorporating a smaller tank. These are called a Pony Bottle.
•Buddy breathing. This is sharing the one second stage regulator with a scuba diver’s buddy. It requires a good understanding and specific techniques to do properly.
•Do an emergency ascent to get to the surface for air. This is the most dangerous situation and one that should always be avoided due to the possibility of an air embolism.
A scuba diver should be competent in the configuration and use of all the above systems.
A Scuba Diver Should be Prepared for Multiple Failures
A scuba diver should always be prepared for multiple failures of air sources. For example, the first stage on a regulator may fail making both the main and the Octopus second stage useless. Even though the scuba regulators are designed so that the common types of failure results in the regulator falling into downstream position, certain failures could result in no flow.
Another example is the tank valve suddenly blocking up. Maybe a bit of loose material that has broken away from the inside of the tank could get sucked into the valve.
Running Out of Air While Scuba Diving
Simply running out of air in the scuba tank again turns both second stage regulators into useless items of equipment. It doesn’t matter how many regulators are hanging off a tank if the scuba diver sucks the tank completely out of air while underwater at 60 feet.
And running out of air is not that uncommon, even with experienced divers. Some possibilities are:
•Being more active on a diver than usual due to high currents,
•Taking on a new underwater activity, such as photography,
•Having a new dive buddy, that moves faster underwater,
•Problems with bouyancy,
•A smaller tank than usual.
A Bad Air Fill Scuba Diving
A bad air fill may make a scuba tank and its various regulators dangerous. The most common way bad fill is carbon monoxide poisoning from an incorrectly set up filling station.
If the scuba diver is fortunate to realize the air fill is the problem, the only option for the scuba diver is to use a separate system, such as an Ascent Bottle or a Pony Bottle. However, as these items are not usually carried by most divers, the next available option is to buddy breathe.
Though in this example, both divers could be in trouble as it may be likely their tanks were both filled from the same filling station and probably both have bad air. A dangerous emergency ascent may be the only option in this scenario.
Having the air supply suddenly stop while scuba diving can be one of the most harrowing experiences underwater. Fortunately the sophisticated equipment available for today’s scuba diver means that this situation rarely occurs. However, when (or if) it does, there are many ways to deal with the situation.
Whatever type of secondary air system a scuba diver employs, it can always be argued if enough redundancy is ever enough.

Positioning Scuba Divers is Vital When Needing to Buddy Breathe

The position of the two scuba divers when buddy breathing is one of the most important aspects of sharing air underwater from the one scuba regulator.
Bruce IliffPosted on May 28, 2010
Scuba Diver Should be Ready to Buddy Breathe - Bruce ILIFFBreathing compressed air underwater is dangerous, so the sharing of air underwater is a skill that must be mastered before any scuba diver goes underwater. For details on the correct way to buddy breathe, refer to Suite101 article: Buddy Breathing Procedure.
Even with all the secondary air systems available, a situation can occur whereby there is still a need to buddy breathe.
For a scuba diver out of air, the most obvious source of air is the regulator sticking out of the mouth of the nearest diver. Therefore, a scuba diver must always be aware that at any time their secure air supply may be ripped out of their mouth by a panicking diver.
What is Scuba Diving Buddy Breathing?
Buddy breathing would have to be the most important skill that a scuba diver must know. Even with the advent of a range of alternate air supplies, there may be times when the skill of buddy breathing is the difference between a good scuba dive and a tragedy.
In scuba diving, buddy breathing is the act of two scuba divers breathing off the same second stage regulator.
There are a number of reasons why the two scuba divers have found themselves in this situation. It could be from simply running out of air, or major equipment failure. For a further details on reasons why scuba divers may need to buddy breathe, refer to Suite101 article: “Scuba Diver Running out of Air and Needing a Back-Up Air Supply”
Positioning for Buddy Breathing
Positioning of both scuba divers in the buddy pair is vital. Side by side, at a slight angle is the best. The receiver should be on the left of the donor. This enables the regulator to be handed across easily.
Having both divers side-by side, at an angle, is best for doing the scuba dive ascent.
The other configuration is for the divers to be facing each other. This works best if the divers are on the sea floor; maybe waiting for another diver to bring down another scuba tank. Or if one of the divers is a bit anxious and needs reassurance with the buddy breathing.
The buddy breathing pair also need to be extra careful with their buoyancy. They need to be in synch to ensure they don’t separate and lose the correct positioning. The worst situation is one diver heading for the surface and the other sinking. This requires close coordination between the buddy pair.
Scuba Divers Must Remain in Contact When Buddy Breathing
Both scuba divers need to remain in contact with each other. The best way is for each diver to grab hold of the back or shoulder of the other diver. There is usually something to hang onto: the top of the buoyancy compensator; the wetsuit; or even the stem of the tank. Though in this latter hold spot, the diver needs to be sure they don’t put any pressure on the connection of the first stage to the tank. If this gets dislodged on the donor’s tank, there could suddenly be two divers out of air.
Sharing life-giving air with another person is one of the most powerful acts that can happen in life and in scuba diving. Due to the possibility of a buddy breathing situation to occur at any time while underwater, a scuba diver should be well aware of the skills and procedures of buddy breathing.

Buddy Breathing Procedure is an Important Skill for Scuba Divers

All scuba divers must be aware of, and proficient in, the procedure of buddy breathing. An out of air diver situation underwater can occur at any time.
Bruce IliffPosted on May 28, 2010
There are many situations when a scuba diving buddy pair may need to buddy breathe. And to ensure both divers ascend back at the surface safe, there are certain techniques and procedures that must be followed.
Positioning of the scuba diving pair is one of the most important considerations. More information on positioning of a buddy breathing pair can be found here.
Scuba Diving Buddy Breathing Procedure
The basic procedure with buddy breathing is for each diver to take two breaths, then pass the regulator to the other diver. The second diver then takes two breaths and passes the regulator back to the other diver.
This procedure continues until both divers have their own secure source of air. This may be when they have both reached the surface, or maybe when they have ascended to a decompression stop where there is a spare tank waiting.
If Scuba Buddy Breathing Always Ascend to the Surface
In the vast majority of situations, the buddy-breathing scuba pair should immediately ascend to the surface. The fact that they are buddy-breathing means that something has gone wrong. One of the divers is out of air; maybe from heavy air consumption, equipment failure or have recognized a bad air fill. Whatever the reason, if one diver is out of air, there is the possibility that the same problem may occur to the donor.
For example, if the receiver usually uses a lot of air, when buddy breathing his or her breathing rate is only going to increase due to the increased anxiety inherent in the act of buddy breathing.
The Scuba Ascent While Buddy Breathing
The ascent is one of the most important stages in a scuba dive. It is when major problems such as the bends, or an air embolism can occur. And this possibility is greatly increased when a buddy pair are ascending to the surface.
Problems can occur due to the buddy breathing procedure of having to wait while the other diver takes their two breaths. And during this time the diver is ascending.
Therefore the most important thing to remember is to let a small amount of air to dribble out of the mouth while ascending. This will prevent the lungs expanding excessively and leading to possible risk of an air embolism.
Reduce Anxiety While Scuba Buddy Breathing
Buddy breathing on scuba can be an extremely stressful situation; as one diver has run out of air. At best, he or she has probably swum up to the nearest diver with bulging eyes and making cutting action across their neck.
At worst, the out of air diver may have ripped the working regulator out of the potential donor’s mouth. And suddenly there are two scuba divers with increased levels of anxiety.
And the nearest diver might not even be the original diver’s designated buddy!
Both divers need to remain calm and act rationally. If both divers are aware of the scuba buddy breathing procedure and the inherent dangers of the situation, the situation should be under control.
All scuba divers should learn and master the skill of buddy breathing. Even with technology making available various types of secondary or back-up air supplies, there may always be the need to buddy breathe when underwater on scuba.

Prevent Scuba Equipment Dragging to Increase Safety and Enjoyment

A scuba diver should keep their scuba gear securely fastened to stop it dragging on the sea floor or getting caught on coral or other pieces of seascape.

Bruce IliffPosted on Jun 4, 2010
Scuba Gear Can Get Caught in Backward Roll - Bruce ILIFFA scuba diver’s gear should be kept securely fastened close to the body. Items that need to be accessed quickly, such as the alternate air supply should have a quick-release mechanism.

Scuba gauges should be positioned on the left hand side of the diver so they can be easily read. The scuba gauge set up, including tank pressure, dive computer and maybe a compass, should be set up so they are like a dashboard. A scuba diver should just need to make a short movement of the head to get an update of the technical parts of the dive. The diver shouldn’t be scrabbling around for the gauges if they are simply left hanging off the tank.

Impacts on Safety from Scuba Equipment Hanging off a Scuba Diver

Safety is the primary reason a scuba diver should take care in positioning their scuba gear so it doesn’t drag. The following are a few reasons why:

•When doing a backward roll off a dive boat, the scuba gauges could get caught;
•When scuba diving around wrecks, the dangling gauge, or buoyancy compensator hose could get snagged;
•The alternate air, or “octopus” regulator could get caught on a piece of coral;
•Any item of scuba diving equipment with a valve, such as the second regulator, or the buoyancy compensator valve could drag in the sand on the sea floor and get particles caught.
These are just some of the examples where dragging scuba equipment could lead to safety concerns. While in the majority of times a piece of equipment getting snagged may not be a significant problem, in some cases it could be life-threatening.

Imagine the dangling gauges being caught during a decompression scuba dive in the bowels of a wreck and for some reason the hose pulls out of the crimp joint at the first stage. A rare event, but the result could be catastrophic for the diver and his or her scuba buddy.

This scenario could be easily avoided by a few simple actions prior to the dive.

Impacts on the Environment from Scuba Gear Hanging off a Scuba Diver

The other obvious reason for keeping all scuba gear tucked in close to the diver is the impact on the environment.

The gauges or alternate “octopus” regulator dragging across a delicate gorgonian coral can do significant damage that can take years to recover.

Or getting the dragging item of scuba equipment caught in a leg of staghorn coral. A couple of pulls and it is free; as well as limbs of coral dropping away to die on the seafloor.

Good Scuba Diving Techniques

It is also good scuba diving technique to have equipment securely tucked away. It is easy to spot the regular and experienced scuba divers. Not only are they relaxed and look at ease underwater, they will also have their gear well positioned and secured.

A scuba diver should keep their equipment from dragging simply from the economics. Scuba diving equipment is expensive, and though generally robust, it can be easily damaged.

The scenario above with the gauge being ripped off in the bowels of a wreck could easily happen when doing the backward roll off the dive boat. This would be expensive!

It doesn’t take much to keep everything secure and in the right spot. There are many buckles and straps and velcro arrangements in the local scuba diving shop that will assist in keeping a diver’s scuba diving gear where it should be at all times.

This will go a long way to making a scuba dive safer, enjoyable and possibly even cheaper.

Five Tips for Safe and Fun Recreational Scuba Diving Training

There is a lot for a new scuba diver to learn. Here are five training tips that could help those learning to complete their scuba training more easily,

Andrew KnowlesPosted on Jun 15, 2010
Tips for Scuba Diver Training - Andrew KnowlesLearning to scuba dive is a bit like learning to drive a car. There is so much to think about it seems impossible that some people make it appear effortless. But in diving, as with driving, practice brings experience and increased confidence.

Here are some important tips for novice scuba divers, to help them get to grips with this exciting and sometimes challenging watersport.

Mastering the Basics of Scuba Diver Training

1. Learn to relax. This is much easier said than done. But a relaxed diver has much more control over their buoyancy and they will make their air supply last longer.

A nervous diver can find it difficult to descend below the surface and if they keep gasping for air they will soon deplete their supply.

There is no easy way for a novice diver to relax. Perhaps the best way is simply for them to remember the importance of it, and to accept that they are diving in a very safe environment. Novice divers should always be in close proximity to much more experienced divers and they will often be in a swimming pool that is no more than a few metres deep.

2. Do not be put off by the drills. Learning to scuba dive requires an understanding of the most common problems that divers face when practising their sport. This means that most of the early lessons are spend performing actions that are relatively unusual in recreational diving.

Novices must become familiar with using emergency air supplies and clearing a mask full of water. They will be taught how to recover an unconscious buddy and deal with problems that might occur underwater.

People do not learn to dive in order to practice these drills, but they are a required part of the diving training. It is important that the novice scuba diver does not forget why they are putting themselves through the training. They want to explore the wonders of the world below water but to do it requires mastering a new set of safety skills

3. Take it slowly. Scuba diving activities should never be undertaken in haste. Being steady and careful can sometimes be frustrating but it is usually the safest approach.

A trainee diver should never feel pressured to carry out a particular drill or exercise. They will need to complete them in order to qualify as a diver but taking off a mask underwater or switching to an emergency air supply can be a daunting prospect to someone new to diving.

More Scuba Diving Tips for Learners

4. Get used to balancing air pressure in the ears. The most obvious indicator of the change in pressure when diving is increased pressure in the ears, which can become painful if not dealt with.

Even a descent to a depth of around 3 meters (10 feet) can induce significant discomfort and if unresolved it can lead to damaged eardrums. Because of this it is vital that trainee scuba divers master the art of equalising pressure as soon as they are underwater.

Most divers find the best way to clear this pressure is to hold their nose and blow through the tubes that connect to their ears. Divers should practise doing this as much as possible and should not wait until the pain builds up in their ears.

5. Keep breathing. This might seem very obvious but for newcomer to diving, the simple act of breathing can become more challenging because its done through a regulator in the mouth.

There is a natural temptation to hold breath when underwater. In scuba diving this is to be avoided, particularly when ascending, because pressure changes can lead to lung damage. Holding breath can also lead to panic attacks as the diver becomes increasingly desperate to gasp for breath.

By remembering to breath through the regulator at all times, the diver will help themselves to remain calm even when performing drills such as removing a facemask or jumping into the water.

Scuba diving allows those who practise it to visit places that relatively few people will ever get to see. Underwater reefs and wrecks are a often a home to incredible varieties of fish and other sea creatures. But to dive safely and successfully requires completion of scuba diving training and these simple tips are intended to help those embarking on such a course.

Scuba Diving Equipment - Watches, Depth Gauges and Compasses

Scuba diving equipment such as watches, depth gauges and compasses show divers the length of time spent underwater, dive depth and direction.

Kate Le PagePosted on Jun 17, 2010
Scuba Diving Equipment Includes Wetsuit And Watch - mister teeAfter having purchased the all-essential wetsuit, semi-dry suit or drysuit it is important to get hold of other necessary scuba diving equipment such as gloves, hood, buoyancy compensator, watch, depth gauge and compass. The latter items are essential and may be purchased from a diving store or scuba diving training centre.

Scuba Diving Equipment - Diving Watch

A scuba diving watch obviously needs to be completely waterproof but must also be able to function in depths of around 330 feet. In The Scuba Diving Handbook, Bantin (2007) identifies that in order for a scuba diving watch to be efficient it must have a rotating bezel ring which is used so the diver can accurately mark off periods of time. The primary reason why wearing a special diving watch is so crucial for safety is that otherwise the scuba diver may end up staying underwater too long which can have serious health consequences as a result.

Another key aspect of diving watches is that the watch face itself is clear and easy to read even when one is diving in water where clarity is poor. Also it is vital to purchase a waterproof watch rather than one which is merely water resistant for diving and other water-sports purposes.

Depth Gauges for Scuba Diving

While watches are an everyday essential in modern life it is far less likely that one would have come into contact with a depth gauge especially in the case of those who are completely new to the sport of scuba diving. A depth gauge is simply a piece of equipment that divers use to know how deep they are underwater. It is essential that divers are always aware of their depth because when breathing air underwater the body tissues absorb nitrogen and this level increases with depth. The depth gauge is also a handy navigational piece of kit as it informs divers which direction they are travelling through the water column.

In The Scuba Diving Handbook, Bantin (2007) recommends that before purchasing a depth gauge it is always best to make sure that the model includes a way of being able to record the maximum depth one has achieved during a dive. In many cases a depth gauge is included with a compass as part of an instrument console.

Scuba Diving Compasses

Another essential piece of scuba diving equipment is a compass which many UK students will no doubt remember using as part of the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme. Basically, a diving compass is used underwater in the same manner in which it is used when on dry land. The key difference of course is that whilst on dry land (unless one is doing a handstand!) there is no need to work out which way to hold it. In order to make using a compass easier there are plenty of more modern electronic devices currently available.

A compass is particularly useful for those who enjoy wreck diving or deep sea diving where it is much easier to become disorientated as a result. The key is that the compass one is using whilst scuba diving is easy to read and very clear even when in murky waters.

As highlighted above, scuba diving equipment includes a wetsuit, gloves, hood, buoyancy compensator, diving watch, compass and depth gauge. These items may all be obtained from specialist water-sport stores or from scuba diving training centres.

Scuba Diving Equipment - Diving Computers

Advances in technology have made it possible for scuba divers to use diving computers underwater to have essential information easily accessible.

Kate Le PagePosted on Jun 17, 2010
Dive Computers Help Scuba Divers Calculate Depths - star5112Scuba diving equipment includes a wetsuit, buoyancy compensator, hood and gloves with divers cnow also able to use a special diving computer in order to access and record essential information whilst on a dive.

Scuba Diving Equipment Includes Underwater Computers

In recent times the diving world has benefited from huge advances in terms of miniature electronics and technology thus allowing dives to be carried out more safely and key data easily stored. Underwater computers offer vital information to divers including how long one has been down for, which depths have been achieved, how much diving time there is left and how to safely ascend. Diving computers are typically able to indicate the number and length of stops required to get back to the surface. They can also inform the diver on the speed of ascent and current depth.

In The Scuba Diving Handbook, Bantin (2007) explains how significant the introduction of underwater computers have been to the diving world. He identifies how since the aqualung was invented it is the diving computer that is the 'single most important advance in diving equipment.' Unlike bulky land computers and heavy laptops, all the diver requires is a small unit on his or her wrist.

Special Functions of Diving Computers

Once the diver has returned to the surface many of the more modern diving computers allow one to interface with a PC so that vital information recorded during the dive can be transferred and downloaded later. Technical divers probably benefit most from diving computers as if they are using nitrox the computer is able to help track maximum operating depths and levels of oxygen toxicity. There are also more specialist dive computers now available which can even track decompression and provide an estimate (based on current breathing) as to how long one's tank will last at the current depth.

A real benefit of dive computers is that they are typically only the size of large watch and one may also use the same watch for everyday purposes thus keeping life simple. Dive computers tend to have very clear displays making them easy to read even in poor water or bad weather conditions. These devices may be easily personalised similar to a mobile with alarms available to indicate specific actions are required.

Recent technical advances have made a real impact upon those part of the diving world as key information is now easily available whilst on a dive and may be later downloaded to review at home. In addition to the basic gear such as a wetsuit, hood, gloves and waterproof watch, a dive computer is a very helpful and practical device, especially for technical divers.

Decompression Illness and Scuba Diving

Decompression illness or 'the bends' is caused by the diver surfacing too quickly after diving at a depth for some time.

Kate Le PagePosted on Jun 18, 2010
Decompression Treatment In A Hyperbaric Chamber - jayme pastoricAlthough scuba diving is recognised as a safe sport with countless dives taking place each year without any problems, it is necessary for divers to be of reasonably good overall health for this to be the case. Due to the fact that diving requires both respiratory and cardiovascular fitness those who have any lung or heart problems are not suited to this sport.

Especially in the case of people who suffer from anxiety or panic disorder, there is an additional risk of ascending too quickly in a state of panic which may result in decompression illness, in turn requiring special treatment.

Understanding Decompression Illness in Scuba Divers

Decompression illness or 'the bends' is a very serious complication which affects scuba divers through coming up to the surface much too quickly. As identified by Dr N Jones in Travel Health (Rough Guides, 2004), when a diver ascends too fast, nitrogen and helium gas bubbles lodge in the tissues typically resulting in many symptoms within minutes or hours following resurfacing after a dive. Mild decompression symptoms may consist of skin becoming itchy and painful joints whereas more worrying decompression illness symptoms may include difficulty breathing, chest pain as well as partial paralysis and even blindness due to the neurological system being impaired.

Treatment for decompression may include emergency oxygen or ideally placing the diver in a special decompression chamber or 'hyperbaric chamber'. Whilst in a decompression chamber the diver will be given a medically supervised programme of re-compression.

How to Avoid Decompression Sickness

Due to the fact that decompression sickness is caused by ascending too quickly the key to avoiding this condition is to ensure a safe, steady ascent rate is followed. This information may be provided by a diving computer which involves wearing a small device on the wrist much like an average sports watch. As acknowledged by J Bantin in The Scuba Diving Handbook (Adlard Coles Nautical, 2007), avoiding life-threatening decompression sickness requires making regular decompression stops, leaving sensible intervals between dives and having a safety stop between sixteen and ten feet below the surface.

The reason why it is necessary for scuba divers to leave enough time on land between dives is to ensure the water is not re-entered with residual levels of nitrogen still in the body. Dehydration caused by alcohol consumption may also trigger decompression sickness so it is important to avoid alcohol before diving.

As highlighted above, scuba diving is not suitable for everyone, particularly those with anxiety issues, heart or lung problems. Decompression sickness is a real heath risk which can be avoided by taking decompression stops (using a diving computer or depth gauge) and ascending slowly.

Scuba Diving Holidays in the Caribbean

The top location for divers from the United States and Canada is the Caribbean, offering sub-tropical waters and stunning coral reefs.

Kate Le PagePosted on Jun 18, 2010
Caribbean Scuba Diving Holidays - species snobWhether an amateur or highly experienced diver, the warm Caribbean sea has much to offer individuals wishing to enjoy a scuba diving holiday. The best time to visit this part of the world is during the first six months of the year when the weather tends to be more suitable as by late summer or early autumn it is not unusual to experience severe hurricanes.

Caribbean Scuba Diving Holidays

The British Virgin Islands is a fantastic location for those wishing to scuba dive and has many stunning sandy beaches to relax and enjoy the sub-tropical temperatures. The Scuba Diving Handbook, by J Bantin (Adlard Coles Nautical, 2007) identifies several other popular diving destinations which include Bonaire in the Dutch Antilles, Cancun in Mexico, Cayman Islands, Grenada and the Caicos Islands. Braver individuals may also be interested in diving near sharks in the reefs surrounding the Bahamas.

Individuals who are keen on sailing as well as scuba diving are able to combine the sport with a flotilla or bare-boat sailing holiday from locations such as Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. Those who are experienced and confident divers may then use the boat as a base from which to explore other islands at a more leisurely pace.

Advantages of Scuba Diving in the Caribbean

One of the best things about scuba diving holidays in the Caribbean has got to be the climate as the sub-tropical waters make it possible to enjoy diving without requiring gloves or a hood unlike in the cooler UK climate. A close second to the weather is the absolutely spectacular environment with white sandy beaches and plenty of stunning coral reefs to explore surrounded by the most incredibly beautiful sea creatures. Visibility tends to be good all year round in the Caribbean making diving safer as equipment such as diving watches, depth gauges and dive computers are far easier to read in clearer conditions.

The visitor accommodation facilities in this part of the world are typically of an exceptionally high standard with a wide range of luxury hotel resorts sure to suit all needs, tastes and requirements. Many Caribbean resorts include different water sports such as sailing, windsurfing, water-skiing, kayaking and scuba diving lessons for those of all ages and abilities.

As highlighted above, the Caribbean is a perfect holiday destination for those who wish to experience scuba diving in a spectacular location. The combination of clear waters, beautiful coral reefs, sub-tropical climate, white sandy beaches and luxury accommodation is what keeps visitors returning to this idyllic location.

Scuba Diving Holidays in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Region

Idyllic locations for scuba diving holidays include the water surrounding the Maldives in the Indian Ocean and the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Region.

Kate Le PagePosted on Jun 18, 2010
Scuba Diving Holidays In The Maldives - nattuScuba diving holidays offer the ideal opportunity for individuals, couples or families to learn a new sport or improve on diving skills in a relaxed environment. Many different locations worldwide now offer excellent scuba diving training for beginners as well as wreck diving, small/large boat diving and cave diving for those with more experience.

Increasingly popular scuba diving holiday destinations include the waters surrounding the Caribbean, Maldives and Galapagos islands. The Maldives in particular are now recognised as being one of the most spectacular locations to explore a whole new world underwater.

Scuba Diving Holidays in the Maldives

For those who enjoy warmer climates, the Maldives has much to offer visitors with its spectacular white beaches and multiple islands covered in palm trees all surrounded by inviting clear blue waters. The diving facilities in the Maldives are of a very high standard which is mainly due to the fact that until relatively recently scuba diving was one of only two main forms of industry in the area with the other being tuna fishing. As identified by J Bantin in The Scuba Diving Handbook (Adlard Coles Nautical, 2007) every holiday island within the Maldives is well equipped with up-to-date diving centres and a wide variety of live-aboard dive boats for experienced sailors to charter.

The best time of year to book a scuba diving holiday in the Maldives is either in December for a Christmas break or between February and June. Unless one is experienced in the sport it is better to avoid planning a holiday in January as this is when the currents are likely to be at their strongest in this part of the world.

Scuba Diving Holidays in the Galapagos Islands

Another fantastic choice of location for those wishing to enjoy a scuba diving holiday is the waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands which are situated in the Pacific Region. This type of holiday may also be combined with a trip to the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. One of the most incredible aspects of scuba diving in the waters surrounding the Galapagos Islands is the opportunity to experience being close to countless numbers of amazing sea life creatures such as equatorial penguins. Before heading off to this part of the world it is well worth investing in a decent underwater camera to be able to take home special memories of this spectacular diving location.

For families with some members who do not wish to or are inexperienced in scuba diving, snorkeling is a great alternative without the need for purchasing key equipment such as a diving computers or diving watch. There are also a range of specialist excursion tours offering holiday-makers the ideal opportunity to safely explore the stunning sea-life surrounding the Galapagos Islands.

The Maldives in the Indian Ocean and the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Region are two fabulous destinations for scuba diving holidays. Both of these locations offer wonderful scuba diving experiences whether chartering a bare-boat or scuba diving as part of a wider group where much key equipment such as a wetsuit, diving watch and the like may be hired.