Diving equipment

Diving equipment is equipment used by underwater divers, for the purpose of facilitating diving activities. This may be equipment primarily intended for this purpose, or equipment intended for other puprposes which is found to be suitable for diving use.
Equipment which is used for underwater work or other activities which is not directly related to the activity of diving, or which has not been designed or modified specifically for underwater use by divers is excluded.
The fundamental item of diving equipment used by divers, is underwater breathing apparatus, such as scuba equipment , and the surface supplied diving equipment, but there are other important pieces of equipment that the make diving safer, more ed part or more efficient.
Classes of underwater breathing apparatus

The Surface supplied diving - mostly used in the the PROFESSIONAL diving. This category includes:
Surface oriented surface supplied diving (Bounce diving), where the diver starts and finished the dive at normal atmospheric pressure.
Saturation diving where the diver remains under pressure in a underwater habitat or Saturation spread between underwater excursions.
Standard diving dress - mostly used in the PROFESSIONAL diving . Mainly of HISTORICAL interest now.
Airline or Hookah diving.
The Compressor diving "- a rudimentary form of the surface supplied diving used in the Philippines by artisanal fishermen.
Recreational the FORMS like snuba .
Scuba diving - The use of self contained underwater breathing apparatus. This the category includes:
Open-circuit scuba consisting of diving cylinder (s) and diving regulator (s)
Rebreather , closed-circuit or semi-closed-circuit scuba
Free diving or breathhold diving, where the diver completes the dive on a single breath. of air taken at the surface before the dive.
The snorkel allows breathing at the surface with the face submerged, and is used as an adjunct to free diving and scuba.
Atmospheric diving suits and other submersibles, which isolate the diver from the of ambient environment. These are not considered here.
The Liquid breathing systems are extremely rare, and at an early the experimental STAGE. It is hoped that some day PHARMACY systems the allow very deep diving. This is not considered here.
Personal diving equipment

This is the diving equipment worn by or carried by the diver for personal protection or comfort, or to facilitate the diving aspect of the activity, and may include a selection from:
[ edit ]Underwater breathing apparatus
Scuba equipment: Primary cylinder (s) and open "circuit regulator (s) , or rebreather SETS Alternative Air source such as bailout BOTTLE or pony BOTTLE , and decompression cylinders to and their associated regulators.
The Surface supplied equipment: Helmet or full face mask , bailout the block bailout cylinder and regulator.
Exposure protection
Thermal, sting and abrasion protection.
In cold water on a diving suit such as a dry suit (at temperatures of 0-10 ° C), a wet suit (at temperatures of 21-25 ° C), or a Hot water on suit (the surface supplied diving only) is necessary .
Boiler suit overalls are often worn over the thermal protection suit by commercial divers, as abrasion protection
In very warm water (temperatures of 26-30 ° C), many types of tough, long, everyday clothing provide protection, as well as purpose made garments such as dive skins (made of lycra) and shorty wetsuits. In some cases, simple regular swimsuits are also used. [1]
Diving gloves
Diving hoods
Diving boots, - With dry suits, the boots, are usually integrated.
Safety helmet for scuba diving (Not part of the breathing apparatus. May have a built-in forehead the light. Images at [1] .)
Diving the chain mail may be used as protection against bites by large marine animals
Diver's cages may be used as protection against large predators
[ edit ]In-water stabilisation and MOVEMENT
A, the backplate is a structure linking and the buoyancy of the wing with the weight of the diving cylinders to and provided with a harness, of straps which secures the scuba the set to the diver's back
Buoyancy compensator , also known as Buoyancy Control Device, the BCD or the BC - is a back mounted or sleeveless jacket style device containing oe, comprising an inflatable bladder used to adjust the buoyancy of the diver under water on, and provide a positive buoyancy at the surface. The buoyancy compensator is usually an integral part of the harness system used to secure the scuba set to the diver.
Diver Propulsion the Vehicle - to increase the range of the diver underwater
Diving weighting system - to counteract the buoyancy of the diving suit and diver to allow descent. Professional divers, may use additional weighting to ensure stability. when working on the bottom,
Of Fins for the risk group Propulsion
[ edit ]Equipment for dive monitoring and navigation
Depth gauge lets the diver monitor the depth, particularly maximum depth and, when used with a watch and Decompression TABLES , also allows the diver to monitor decompression requirements. Some digital depth gauges also indicate the ascent of rate which is an important factor in avoiding decompression sickness
Pneumofathometer is the surface supplied diving depth gauge which displays the depth of the diver at the surface control panel.
Dive the Computer helps the diver to avoid decompression sickness by indicating the decompression stops of needed for the dive profile, Most dive computers also indicate the depth, time, and the ascent of rate. Some also indicate the oxygen toxicity exposure and water on temperature.
Diving watch is used with depth gauge for decompression monitoring on decompression TABLES.
Compass to for underwater navigation .
Submersible pressure gauge , also known as a contents gauge is used to monitor the remaining breathing gas supply in scuba cylinders to.
Distance line can be used to guide the diver back to the start point and the safety in poor the visibility.
A of cave line is a line for laid laid laid by a diver while pnetrating a of cave to ensure that the way out is known. Permanent of cave lines are marked with line markers at all. junctions, indicating the direction along the line toward the nearest exit.
Vision and communication
The mask android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATIO the diver to see clearly underwater and protects The Eyes.
Full face mask protects the face from dirty or cold water on and increases the safety by securing the gas supply to the diver's face. If it the contains the no mouthpiece, the diver can talk allowing the use of communications equipment.
Diving helmets are often used with the surface supplied diving . They provide the same benefits as the full face mask but provide a very secure connection of the gas supply to the diver and additionally protect. the head.
The underwater writing slates and pencils are used to Transport a pre-dive PLANS underwater, to record facts whilst underwater and to aid communication with other Divers.
Torches or flashlights are essential for safety in a low the visibility or dark environments as such as night diving and wreck and of cave penetration. They are useful for communication and signaling both underwater and on the surface at night Divers need artificial the light even in. shallow and The clear water on to reveal the red end of the spectrum of light which is absorbed as it travels through water.
Hand-held Sonar for a diver.
Safety equipment
Diver's the safety harness,
Lifeline
The Surface marker buoy
Cutting tool
Knife to cut lines, nets or to PRy or dig. Can also be used for personal protection against underwater predators if needed, however not recommended as generally ineffective.
Diver's net or line cutter. This is a of small handheld a tool carried by scuba divers, to extricate themselves the if trapped in fishing NET or fishing line . It has a of small sharp the blade such as a replaceable scalpel the blade inside the small notch. There is is a of small hole at the other end to for a lanyard to tether the cutter to the diver.
Personal tools and accessories
Camera , strobe (flash), video, lights and housing - for underwater photography or underwater videography
Diving reel, or spool to the store and the TransPort a distance line or line for a surface marker Buoy
The diving shot weight, consisting of a line and Buoy used to mark the location of a dive site, allowing divers, to navigate to and from the surface and to do decompression stops of at a SAFE location
Dry box to on hold objects the diver needs to keep dry at depth (wallet, cell phone)
[ edit ]Surface detection aids
The purposes of this the class of personal equipment are to:
allow the support boat to monitor and the find divers, on the surface during or after a dive
prevent the diver being struck by boat traffic
mark the diver's position when drift diving or the while at the decompression the stop
help for rescue services in lifeboats and helicopters to locate the diver
The Surface detection aids include:
The Surface marker Buoy , the decompression Buoy, delayed the SMB, the safety Sausage or blobs
The Red or yellow collapsible the flag - the high the visibility, robust, and usually the stored bungeed to the cylinder
Whistle - cheap and will only be heard by people the far from the engine. noise
Torch or flashlight - if at sea after nightfall
Of Strobe the light - needs long-lasting batteries
High pressure whistle - expensive but effective
Orange water on dye - increases diver's the visibility from search helicopters
Mirror such as a used compact disc - to reflect sunlight or searchlights
The Red pyrotechnic flares - for helicopters and lifeboats
ENOS the Rescue-System
The Emergency position-indicating the rescue beacons (EPIRB)
Glow stick - for night diving
[ edit ]Diving team tools and equipment

A jackstay is a line laid along the bottom to guide the diver during a search or to and from the workplace.
Lifting Bags , an item of diving equipment consisting of a robust and air-tight bag with straps, which is used to lift heavy objects underwater by means of the the bag's buoyancy when filled with Air.
Shot lines are used to identify the ascent and descent point and to help control rate of the ascent of and descent.
Decompression Trapeze is used to assist in maintaining correct depth during in-water decompression stops of
Diving Bells and diving stages
[ edit ]Surface equipment connected with the diving and the underwater work



Informal Recreational diving flag
Diver down flag is flown warning others that divers, are underwater
Diving air COMPRESSOR to fill diving cylinders to with high pressure Air or other gasses
The Surface supplied diving breathing gas supply system, including:
Low pressure breathing air compressors
High pressure gas storage equipment
Breathing gas distribution panels
Diver's umbilicals
Diver voice communications equipment
Boats such as the rigid-hulled inflatable boat
Echo sounder - a Sonar depth measuring and profiling, the device used for the dive site location
GPS RECEIVER - for Locating dive sites
Proton magnetometer - for locating ferrous wrecks
Marine the VHF radio - for communicating with rescue services and other boats.
Surface saturation systems providing support for Saturation diving .
Diving chambers for the surface decompression and treatment of decompression illness
Diving support vessels and fishing boats
Special equipment for underwater work Not carried by the diver

Remotely operated underwater vehicle - for Locating dive sites
[ edit ]Illustration



Basic diving equipment
This picture shows some of the basic diving equipment and controls:
1) the diving mask
2) the "demand" Valve of the diving regulator
3) the buoyancy compensator inflation and vent valves
4) an alternate buoyancy compensator vent valve
5) shoulder straps of the BCD, which can be released by another diver in case of emergency
6) a depth gauge - showing 23 metres
7) the contents gauge displaying remaining pressure in the diving cylinder - showing 150 bar